At present, China has developed an educational poverty alleviation policy system with Chinese characteristics, which has made great achievements in promotion priority, connotation enrichment, specialized implementation mechanism, and has brought about distinctive changes. However, there are still some problems, such as giving undue emphasis to economic thinking, while the system integration needs to be strengthened; laying particular stress on the basic areas, while there is an urgent need for a balanced effort; guarantee being made mainly by administrative guidance, while the rule of law needs further strengthening; evaluation being made through fuzzy description, while scientific evaluation needs to be improved. With a view to the future, the state should have a big picture of poverty alleviation and enhance the sustainability of education poverty alleviation policies; overcome shortcomings in poverty alleviation through education, keep pace with the times and release the reform dividend; speed up the legislation on poverty alleviation through education and improve the unified supervision and restriction mechanism; guide the adjustment and optimization of policies and build an evaluation system for the effectiveness of education in poverty alleviation.