Driven by the global transition toward a digital and intelligent future, promoting the digital-intelligent transformation of public service systems for lifelong learning has become a crucial pathway to achieving educational equity and building a learning society. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a theoretical model for this transformation using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, grounded in the public value theory’s emphasis on responding to public interests and creating value. Utilizing this model, this study examines both the global trends in the digital-intelligent transformation of lifelong learning and the practical challenges China faces in areas such as technology integration, systemic reform, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Drawing on international experiences, the study analyzes three typical transformation models—market-driven, government-led, and public-private collaboration—and extracts key transformation strategies. Based on China’s specific context, it proposes a Chinese approach focusing on three dimensions: building digital infrastructure, innovating service systems, and developing capacity-building mechanisms. The aim is to construct a more equitable, intelligent, and open public service system for lifelong learning, thereby providing robust support for the development of an education-powered nation.