As a relatively late entrant in the field of international student education, Japan’s outward student mobility is characterized by several unique features: low overall participation rates, gender imbalances, diverse destinations, a concentration on liberal arts fields, and a higher proportion of students from private universities. Since the early 21st century, Japan has implemented a range of strategic measures to address these challenges, in alignment with its national development goals. These initiatives aim to enhance the internationalization of Japanese education, cultivate high-level international talent, and strengthen Japan’s cultural soft power. Led by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), and individual universities, these efforts have made notable progress. Key strategies have included formulating clear goals for international talent development, promoting multilateral higher education cooperation, building high-quality international exchange platforms, and improving the services and support systems for students studying abroad. These measures have contributed to creating a more conducive environment for the outflow of Japanese university students.