The passage of the Academic Degrees Law of the People’s Republic of China on April 26th, 2024 marks a significant milestone in China’s educational legal framework, carrying far-reaching implications. During the formulation process, several critical legal issues arose that warrant careful examination: the law’s position within China’s educational legal structure; the relationship between the national degree system and university-level degree systems; the legislative intent, basis, and scope of application of the law; the criteria and procedures for institutions to obtain and lose degree-granting qualifications; the relationship between degree evaluation committees and academic committees; the relationship among the school and department degree evaluation committees, and the thesis defense committees; the grounds and processes for degree revocation; legal mechanisms for resolving degree disputes; and certification and recognition of degrees from foreign universities. Analyzing these issues is vital for properly interpreting and applying the new Academic Degrees Law. While an integral part of the educational legal framework, the Academic Degrees Law does not encompass all the implementation rules. Instead, it establishes the overarching principles and structure, furnishing a robust legal foundation for delineated actions for degree attainment. In essence, a fair, transparent, and academically conducive degree law plays a crucial role in facilitating scholarly exchanges, enhancing the quality of education, and upholding the integrity of China’s degree system.