It is urgent to support Chinese modernization with Chinese education modernization in today’s increasingly complex and changeable international situation. Theoretically, the all-round development of human beings is the inherent requirement and ultimate manifestation of Chinese modernization. Putting people first, aiming at solving the problem of insufficiency and imbalance in education, we must respect learners’ individual and diversified development needs, and provide appropriate educational choices and rich quality education. Historically, cultivating builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor has always been the education policy of the Communist Party of China. In practice, to build a high-quality Chinese educational modernization system, we must respond to the country’s major strategic needs and the people’s expectations for a better education, dialectically understand the relationship between equity and efficiency, promote “education for common prosperity” and regional coordinated development, and serve the construction of a modern and powerful country with diversified and high-quality human resources.