Using the advocacy coalition framework analysis paradigm, this paper examines the historical changes and evolution logic of China’s burden reduction policy. It is found that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the burden reduction policy has gone through three stages: infancy, acceleration period and quality-improving period, which develops in a comprehensive and characteristic way. Combing the burden reduction policy texts and examining its evolution logic, it is found that the development of burden reduction policy is influenced by policy subsystems (including the support coalition led by the Party and the government, the opposing coalition formed by people from all walks of life and the policy brokers who seek to minimize conflict and produce compromises between coalitions), the policy- oriented learning (including learning within coalitions, learning across coalitions, and external learning), and the external environment of the policy subsystems. Among them, the support coalition led by the Party and the government has always occupied a dominant position with distinctive characteristics. In the future, in making the burden reduction policy, we should be observant and identify the source of problems, timely capture the actual variables of the academic burden of primary and secondary school students, and use cautiously the power of media and public opinion. At the same time, we should adhere to the multi-center governance concept, expand the field of burden reduction policy, encourage the participation of social forces, and promote the continuous improvement of burden reduction policy.