This paper reflects on the pedagogy under the “Western Learning Spreading to the East,” and raises a large number of pedagogical “Chen Guisheng’s Questions” (Chen Guisheng’s “Questions of Pädagogik”). “教育”(jiào yù) in the Chinese context is generally used as a synonym for moral education. The translation of education as “教育” is only an assumption. The dilemma of intertranslation also reflects the difference in the way of thinking, in which the Western educational discourse is understood with Eastern concepts and the culture of the other is measured by vague standards. These difficulties await the conscious application of Marxist theory and method. In addition, further analysis of the distinction between “theories of education” and “theories about education” shows the importance of the theory of the “direct educational process.”