Articles 17 and 18 of the Disciplinary Rules for Primary and Secondary Education (Trial) provide for the system of student appeal, which is divided into two stages, namely, intra-school appeal and administrative appeal. However, there is no clear provision on the core issues such as appeal handling procedures, which leaves room for further optimization. There are two ways to optimize the student appeal system, one is to revise the relevant provisions on student management at the provincial level, the other is to directly revise the Disciplinary Rules for Primary and Secondary Education (Trial). Through an empirical analysis of the relevant provisions on student management in 31 provinces, it is found that few provinces have provided for student appeal system, and the core elements are missing in the student appeal provisions; the procedural matters such as student appeal time and appeal handling time vary greatly among provinces, and there are conflicts with the superior law; on the connection between administrative appeal and administrative reconsideration or administrative litigation, there are insurmountable limitations in the relevant provisions of provincial student management. Therefore, a reasonable way to optimize the student appeal system is to improve it when revising the Disciplinary Rules of Primary and Secondary Education (Trial), with the focus on clarifying the appeal handling procedures of the student appeal committee of the schools and the education administrative departments.