Participating in global education governance not only is a new measure but also opens a new chapter for China’s education opening up. Since the implementation of the National Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Guideline (2010-2020), China has entered a new era of participating in global education governance, and its willingness, orientation and way of participation have changed. In the past ten years, China’s participation in global education governance has shown diversified characteristics, which has also improved China’s influence and right of speech in the international community to a certain extent, showing a sense of responsibility as a major country. However, it is still limited by “participation deficit,” “mechanism deficit,” and “participation capacity.” Based on this, China should further improve its ability to participate in global education governance from the following aspects: mechanism construction, supply of high-quality public education products, construction of new educational think tanks, and construction of international organization personnel training system.