Rural schools are an important part of the national public education system. The construction of rural schools is inseparable from the relevant education policies. Since the founding of the PRC, the evolution of China's rural school construction policy is as follows: the policy principle has changed from “political priority” to “efficiency priority and then to “fairness priority,” the policy goal has changed from pursuing scale and quantity to pursuing quality and benefit, the management system has changed from “people's education run by the people” to “rural schools run by the government,” and the policy framework has changed from unitary to pluralistic and systematic.