The connotation of Chinese key competences is developed with language practices. The key competences of Chinese can be investigated from different angles of language, thinking, aesthetics and culture. In order to implement the key competences, the textbook compilers should carefully select texts, design exercises and the way of content theme-language literacy in primary and junior high schools. Thereupon, there are changes in teaching objectives, contents, process, methods, evaluation and teacher-student relationship.