The monitorial system gives way to the pupil teacher system due to the need of primary educational development, advocating of Sir James Philips Kay-Shuttleworth, and the development of pupil-teachers. The rise of pupil-teacher centers is the natural result of the development of pupil-teacher system. The characteristics in these centers include close cooperation with primary schools, enabling pupil-teachers to be able to teach all subjects in a primary school. Teachers in the centers should have both teaching experiences and university degrees in late 19th century. The training of pupil-teachers is at the primary level of teacher education.