Implementation of the balanced development of education policy has achieved remarkable success in compulsory education in China. However, there are still differences in the city and countryside in terms of school infrastructure, quality of teachers, family education spending, class size, home-to-school distance, and extracurricular activities. Moreover, there are also some hidden differences, such as access to education, integrity and education expenses. So, to effectively promote the balanced development of compulsory education, the key is not to eliminate the rural-urban differences, but to promote the unique development.