Based on historical documents and field research,the problems that Shandong canal faced were analyzed. It was difficult to navigate because of the wide variation of the canal bed elevation,the shortage of water supply and the influence of Yellow River flood.The river systems and lakes were changed after the canal was dug.The natural pattern of water system was changed,and the function of rivers and lakes system was disordered, which increased the probability of flood and drought occurrence.The soil salination occurred,the production quality of land deteriorated and the eco-environment was destroyed.It might be a historical reference for the possible eco-environment problems of South-North Water Transfer Project.