Yongding river is the mother river of Beijing,at the same time Yongding river has a lot of troubles such as floods.Floods had ever invaded into Beijing city for many times in historical period.The research object is Yongding river flood disaster in the past two thousand years.The purpose is to find out the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of floods in Yongding river and to explore their own rules,causes and impacts by collecting and analyzing historical literature materials.The study shows that regional terrain,geology,climate,meteorology,hydrology and human activities have impact on the temporal and spatial distribution of floods.Flood frequency has enhanced stage by stage in the past two thousand years and it is higher at climate transition stage.All of these can provide basic information for flood control of Yongding river.