This article researches and analyzes farmers' cognition on the effectiveness of ecological engineering in Bashang plateau,Hebei province.The research area includes five villages in four different townships of Guyuan county,Hebei province.Through interviews and informal discussions with farmers in these five villages,it is concluded that ecological agriculture project,returning cropland to forest and grassland project,Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project and capital water source protecting project are the major projects of ecological engineering in Guyuan county.The results show that the overall effectiveness of local ecological projects is better than ever,and the policy of ecological engineering has positive effect on farmers' income.For the purpose of further improving farmers' income,it is suggested that some important political measures be taken,such as strengthening the basic farmland construction,developing characteristic agriculture and grassland eco-tourism,establishing long-term mechanism of ecological compensation policy for grassland and water source protection and so on.