期刊信息

  • 刊名： 河北师范大学学报（自然科学版）Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science)
  • 主办： 河北师范大学
  • ISSN： 1000-5854
  • CN： 13-1061/N
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国期刊方阵入选期刊
  • 中国高校优秀科技期刊
  • 华北优秀期刊
  • 河北省优秀科技期刊

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纳米抗体在阿尔茨海默病诊断与治疗中的研究进展及应用

  • （河北师范大学 生命科学学院，河北 石家庄 050024）
  • DOI： 10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.202604012

Research progress and applications of nanobodies in the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer′s disease

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer′s disease，AD）是一种以进行性认知功能障碍和行为障碍为特征的神经退行性疾病，其病理特征包括β-淀粉样蛋白（amyloid-β protein，Aβ）斑块沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成神经纤维缠结（neurofibrillary tangles，NFTs）以及神经炎症.科研人员已研发多种疫苗、单抗和小分子抑制剂等药物，但现有治疗药物仅能缓解症状，无法遏制疾病进展.传统单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody，mAb）如Aducanumab、Lecanemab、Donanemab等虽进入临床，但存在血脑屏障（blood brain barrier，BBB）穿透效率低、免疫原性强、生产成本高及长期疗效不佳等局限，亟需开发新型诊断与治疗策略.纳米抗体（nanobodies，Nbs）因其体积小、穿透性强、稳定性高等特点，在AD诊断与治疗中展现出巨大潜力，近年来被广泛应用于AD的诊断和治疗研究中.本文综述了纳米抗体的结构特点以及纳米抗体在靶向Aβ、Tau蛋白和神经炎症中的应用研究进展，并探讨了其面临的挑战和未来发展方向.

Abstract：

Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and behavioral impairments.Its pathological features include the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ) plaques，hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein leading to neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs)，and neuroinflammation.Researchers have developed various vaccines，monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)，and small molecule inhibitors，but current treatments can only alleviate symptoms without halting disease progression.Traditional mAbs such as Aducanumab，Lecanemab，and Donanemab，although in clinical use，have limitations including low blood-brain barrier(BBB) penetration，strong immunogenicity，high production costs，and insufficient long-term efficacy.There is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Nanobodies(Nbs)，due to their small size，strong penetration，and high stability，have shown great potential in AD diagnosis and treatment and have been widely applied in AD research in recent years.This article reviews the structural characteristics of nanobodies and the progress in their application in targeting Aβ，Tau protein，and neuroinflammation，and discusses the challenges and future development directions.

关键词

关键词： 阿尔茨海默病； β-淀粉样蛋白； Tau蛋白； 神经炎症； 纳米抗体
Key words： Alzheimer′s disease ; amyloid-β protein ; Tau protein ; neuroinflammation ; nanobody

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