河北师范大学学报—

阐明塞罕坝不同林龄华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)人工林土壤持水量演变规律及主导因素，为人工林水源涵养功能精准提升提供科学依据。以塞罕坝4个林龄(15、25、36、52 a)华北落叶松人工林和退化沙地为对象，测定0~1m深度土壤的持水量及相关环境因素，解析林龄对人工林土壤水源涵养的影响.结果表明，1) 华北落叶松人工林土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量分别为(5 222.14±196.02) t/hm²,(4 959.37±194.77) t/hm²,(3 844.39±378.72) t/hm².随林龄增加，土壤持水量显著增加，饱和持水量、毛管持水量在52a时显著大于其他林龄(P<0.05),而田间持水量在25 a时达最大值.2) 土壤持水量与土壤容重、酸碱度、砂粒含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);与土壤水分含量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、粉粒含量、粘粒含量、有机质、林分密度、郁闭度、凋落物层现存量、根系生物量、林龄呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05).3) 方差分解结果显示，土壤理化性质和林分因子共同解释土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量变化的71.85%、70.20%和54.17%.其中毛管孔隙度对土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量的单独解释率分别为27.97%、36.26%和28.92%;土壤水分含量对土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量的单独解释率分别为43.88%和33.94%;根系生物量对田间持水量的单独解释率为25.25%.塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林土壤水源涵养能力总体呈现沿林龄序列不断增加的趋势.随林龄增加，土壤毛管孔隙度和水分、根系生物量的改变可较好地解释水源涵养功能的变化。

Abstract：

The study elucidated the evolution patterns and driving factors of soil water-holding capacityacross a chronosequence of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations in Saihanba,providing a scientific basis for targeted enhancement of water conservation capacity in plantations.Taking L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations of different stand ages(15,25,36,and 52 a)in Saihanba as the objects and degraded sandy land as the control,the effects of stand age on water conservation in plantations were revealed by measuring soil water-holding capacity(0～1 m layer)and associated environmental factors.The results showed that.1) The soil saturated water-holding capacity(SWC),capillary water-holding capacity(CWC),and field water-holding capacity(FWC)of L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations were(5 222.14±196.02) t/hm²,(4 959.37±194.77) t/hm²,and(3 844.39±378.72) t/hm²,respectively.With increasing stand ages,soil water-holding capacity increased significantly.The SWC and CWC were significantly higher at 52 years than those at other stand ages(P<0.05),while the FWC reached its maximum at 25 years.2) Soil water-holding capacity was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density,pH,and sand content(P<0.05),and displayed significant positive associations with soil moisture content,total porosity,capillary porosity,silt content,clay content,soil organic matter,stand density,canopy density,litter layer standing crop,root biomass,and stand ages(P<0.05).3) Variance partitioning results showed that soil properties and stand factors jointly explained 71.85%,70.20%,and 54.17% of the variations in soil SWC,CWC,and FWC,respectively.Among them,capillary porosity alone accounted for 27.97%,36.26%,and 28.92% of the variations in soil SWC,CWC,and FWC,respectively.Soil moisture content independently explained 43.88% and 33.94% of the variations in soil SWC and CWC,respectively.Root biomass contributed to 25.25% of FWC variation.The soil water conservation capacity of L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations in Saihanba exhibited an increasing trend with stand age.This enhancement of water conservation function could be well explained by age-dependent improvements in soil capillary porosity,soil moisture content,and root biomass.

关键词

关键词： 林龄；水源涵养；土壤层；华北落叶松；人工林

Key words： stand age ; water conservation ; soil ; Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii ; plantations

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