河北师范大学学报—

区域风沙活动的深入研究，是土壤风蚀防治及其决策的基础.利用山东省冠县气象站过去近30 a的观测资料以及2019—2020年实地监测的土壤风蚀物输沙量、地表蚀积变化等数据，对黄泛区风沙活动进行研究.结果表明：1）起沙风频率为0.54%~5.86%，2000—2017年呈先减少后增加再减小趋势，2000年最小，2005年最大；起沙风年均风速为5.53~6.08 m/s，其年际变化趋势与起沙风频率类似；起沙风冬、春季风速大，出现频率高；2）起沙风风向以NE和S为主，2005年及之前多为NE和S风向，2005年后主要为NE风向；起沙风风向1~4，9~12月以NE为主，5~7月以S和SSW为主，8月则以NNW为主；3）年输沙势为1.08~36.21 VU，属低风能环境，1990年最大，2015年最小；1990—2000年和2005—2017年输沙势均逐渐减小，但2000—2005年明显增大；合成输沙方向多为SW，SSW，W方向；1990—2017年风向变率逐渐增大，风向变得单一；输沙势的季节变化表现为冬、春季大于夏、秋季；4）裸土地表、割草草地、天然草地近地表20，50，100，150 cm高度风沙量总量分别为52.810，41.583，34.361 g，风沙流垂向分布满足幂函数；地表蚀积监测结果显示，裸土地表土壤风蚀模数为2 375 t/(km²·a)，属于中度侵蚀，但是可能严重低估了真实的土壤风蚀量.综上，黄泛风沙区土壤风蚀防治重点应多以冬、春季裸土地表和植被覆盖度较低地表为主，并加强耕地等地类的保护措施.

Abstract：

In-depth study of regional aeolian sand activities is the basis for soil wind erosion control and decision-making.Using the observation data of meteorological stations in Guan county of Shangdong pro-vince in the past 30 a and field monitoring data of sediment transport and surface erosion change from 2019 to 2020,this paper studied the characteristics of aeolian sand activities in the flooded area of the Yellow River.The main conclusions were the following:1) The frequency of sand-driving winds ranged from 0.54% to 5.86%.The minimum and maximum occurred in 2000 and 2005,respectively.It first decreased,then increased and then decreased from 2000 to 2017.The average annual sand-driving wind speed was between 5.53 and 6.08 m/s,and its inter-annual variation was similar to the frequency of sandstorms.The sand-driving wind speeds in winter and spring were larger than those in other seasons and their occurrence frequency was also high.2) The directions of sand-driving winds were dominated by NE and S.Before 2005,the wind directions were mostly NE and S; after 2005,the wind directions were mainly NE.The main wind direction was NE from January to April and from September to December,S and SSW from May to July,and NNW in August.3) The drift potential from 1990 to 2017 ranged from 1.08 to 36.21 VU,indicating that Guan county belonged to low wind energy environment.The maximum and minimum occurred in 1990 and 2015,respectively.It gradually decreased from 1990 to 2000 and from 2005 to 2017,but it obviously increased from 2000 to 2005.The resultant drift directions were mostly SW,SSW and W.The wind direction variability rates from 1990 to 2017 gradually increased,and the wind direction was single.The drift potential in winter and spring was larger than that in summer and autumn.4) The total amount of soil wind erosion at the heights of 20,50,100 and 150 cm of bare land,mowed grassland,and natural grassland was 52.810,41.583,34.361 g,respectively.Their vertical distributions satisfied the power function (q=axb,here q and x were the flux of soil wind erosion and height,a and b were the fitted parameters).The wind erosion modulus of the surface soil was 2 375 t/(km²·a),indicating slight erosion.Surface erosion change may seriously underestimate the amount of wind erosion.

关键词

关键词： 黄泛区 ; 风况 ; 起沙风 ; 输沙势 ; 土壤风蚀

Key words： the flooded area of the Yellow River ; wind regime ; sand-driving wind ; drift potential ; soil wind erosion

参考文献 45

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