期刊信息

  • 刊名: 河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science)
  • 主办: 河北师范大学
  • ISSN: 1000-5854
  • CN: 13-1061/N
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国期刊方阵入选期刊
  • 中国高校优秀科技期刊
  • 华北优秀期刊
  • 河北省优秀科技期刊

阿尔茨海默病的发病机制及治疗新进展

  • (1.河北师范大学 生命科学学院,河北 石家庄 050024; 2.健垣科技石家庄有限公司,河北 石家庄 050000)
  • DOI: 10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.202404011

Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease

摘要/Abstract

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,也是痴呆症的主要原因.关于AD发病机制的假说很多,包括Aβ假说、Tau蛋白假说、胆碱能假说、神经炎症假说、线粒体功能障碍以及氧化应激假说等.概述了AD的主要生物学发病机制,并讨论了其治疗新进展.由于病理生理的复杂性,AD治疗可能需要多模式协同方案,因此,深讨了从传统治疗转向新兴治疗策略的研究进展.

Abstract:

Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most important cause of dementia.There are many hypotheses about AD pathogenesis,including Aβ hypothesis,Tau protein hypothesis,cholinergic hypothesis,neuroinflammation hypothesis,mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress hypothesis.This article summarizes the six major mechanisms of the main biological pathogenesis of AD,and discusses the new progress in its treatment.Due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of AD,multimodal synergistic treatment may be required.This paper show the research progress of the shift from traditional treatment to emerging treatment strategies.

参考文献 93

  • [1] SCHELTENS P,de STROOPER B,KIVIPELTO M,et al.Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Lancet,2021,397(10284):1577-1590.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4
  • [2] XIA Z D,MA R X,WEN J F,et al.Pathogenesis,Animal Models,and Drug Discovery of Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Journal of Alzheimer′s Disease,2023,94(4):1265-1301.doi:10.3233/JAD-230326
  • [3] KIM T A,SYTY M D,WU K,et al.Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Its Impairment in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Zoological Research,2022,43(3):481-496.doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.479
  • [4] AHMAD S,AHMED S B,KHAN A,et al.Natural Remedies for Alzheimer′s Disease:A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials[J].Metabolic Brain Disease,2023,38(1):17-44.doi:10.1007/s11011-022-01063-9
  • [5] ZHAO J,YANG J,DING L,et al.A Review of the Pathogenesis and Chinese Medicine Intervention of Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Integr Neurosci,2022,22(1):2.doi.10.31083/j.jin2201002
  • [6] LUO Z,XU H,LIU L,et al.Optical Imaging of Beta-amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Biosensors,2021,11(8):255.doi:10.3390/bios11080255
  • [7] GADHAVE K,KUMAR D,UVERSKY V N,et al.A Multitude of Signaling Pathways Associated with Alzheimer′s Disease and Their Roles in AD Pathogenesis and Therapy[J].Medicinal Research Reviews,2021,41(5):2689-2745.doi:10.1002/med.21719
  • [8] COLES M,STEINER-LIM G Z,KARL T.Therapeutic Properties of Multi-cannabinoid Treatment Strategies for Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2022,16:962922.doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.962922
  • [9] YANG G,ZHOU R,GUO X,et al.Structural Basis of γ-secretase Inhibition and Modulation by Small Molecule Drugs[J].Cell,2021,184(2):521-533.e14.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.049
  • [10] SONG C,ZHANG T,ZHANG Y.Conformational Essentials Responsible for Neurotoxicity of Aβ42 Aggregates Revealed by Antibodies Against Oligomeric Aβ42[J].Molecules,2022,27(19):6751.doi:10.3390/molecules27196751
  • [11] GYPARAKI M T,ARAB A,SOROKINA E M,et al.Tau Forms Oligomeric Complexes on Microtubules That Are Distinct from Tau Aggregates[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2021,118(19):e2021461118.doi:10.1073/pnas.2021461118
  • [12] STEFANOSKA K,GAJWANI M,TAN A R P,et al.Alzheimer′s Disease: Ablating Single Master Site Abolishes Tau hyperphosphorylation[J].Science Advances,2022,8(27):eabl8809.doi:10.1126/sciad v.abl8809
  • [13] MIELKE M M,FRANK R D,DAGE J L,et al.Comparison of Plasma Phosphorylated Tau Species with Amyloid and Tau Positron Emission Tomography,Neurodegeneration,Vascular Pathology,and Cognitive Outcomes[J].JAMA Neurology,2021,78(9):1108-1117.doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2293
  • [14] DEVOS S L,CORJUC B T,COMMINS C,et al.Tau Reduction in the Presence of Amyloid-β Prevents Tau Pathology and Neuronal Death in Vivo[J].Brain:A Journal of Neurology,2018,141(7):2194-2212.doi:10.1093/brain/awy117
  • [15] LI H,LIU C C,ZHENG H,et al.Amyloid,Tau,Pathogen Infection and Antimicrobial Protection in Alzheimer′s Diseaseconformist,Nonconformist,and Realistic Prospects for AD Pathogenesis[J].Transl Neurodegener,2018,7:34.doi:10.1186/s40035 018-0139-3
  • [16] MALIK R,KALRA S,BHATIA S,et al.Overview of Therapeutic Targets in Management of Dementia[J].Biomed Pharmacother,2022,152:113168.doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113168
  • [17] LONG J M,HOLTZMAN D M.Alzheimer Disease:An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies[J].Cell,2019,179(2):312-339.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001
  • [18] MURALIDAR S,AMBI S V,SEKARAN S,et al.Role of Tau Protein in Alzheimer′s Disease:The Prime Pathological Player[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2020,163:1599-1617.doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.327
  • [19] LIU P P,XIE Y,MENG X Y,et al.History and Progress of Hypotheses and Clinical Trials for Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Signal Transduct Target Ther,2019,4:29.doi:10.1038/s41392-019-0063-8
  • [20] HAMPEL H,MESULAM M M,CUELLO A C,et al.Revisiting the Cholinergic Hypothesis in Alzheimer′s Disease:Emerging Evidence from Translational and Clinical Research[J].Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer′s Disease,2019,6(1):2-15.doi:10.14283/jpad.2018.43
  • [21] LI T,LU L,PEMBER E,et al.New Insights into Neuroinflammation Involved in Pathogenic Mechanism of Alzheimer′s Disease and Its Potential for Therapeutic Intervention[J].Cells,2022,11(12):1925.doi:10.3390/cells11121925
  • [22] RECASENS M,ALMOLDA B,P-REZ-CLAUSELL J,et al.Chronic Exposure to IL-6 Induces a Desensitized Phenotype of the Microglia[J].Journal of Neuroinflammation,2021,18(1):31.doi:10.1186/s12974-020-02063-1
  • [23] HASHIOKA S,WU Z,KLEGERIS A.Glia-driven Neuroinflammation and Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Current Neuropharmacol,2021,19(7):908-924.doi:10.2174/1570159X18666201111104509
  • [24] MIAO J,MA H,YANG Y,et al.Microglia in Alzheimer′s Disease:Pathogenesis,Mechanisms,and Therapeutic Potentials[J].Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,2023,15:1201982.doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1201982
  • [25] ZHANG G,WANG Z,HU H,et al.Microglia in Alzheimer′s Disease:A Target for Therapeutic Intervention[J].Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,2021,15:749587.doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.749587
  • [26] HANSEN D V,HANSON J E,SHENG M.Microglia in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2018,217(2):459-472.doi:10.1083/jcb.201709069
  • [27] LENG F,EDISON P.Neuroinflammation and Microglial Activation in Alzheimer Disease:Where Do We Go from Here?[J].Nature Reviews Neurology,2021,17(3):157-172.doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y
  • [28] SIRACUSA R,FUSCO R,CUZZOCREA S.Astrocytes:Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2019,10:1114.doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01114
  • [29] UDDIN M S,KABIR M T,MAMUN A A,et al.Pharmacological Approaches to Mitigate Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].International Immunopharmacology,2020,84:106479.doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106479
  • [30] CARTER S F,HERHOLZ K,ROSA-NETO P,et al.Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Trends in Molecular Medicine,2019,25(2):77-95.doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.11.006
  • [31] LENG K,ROSE I V L,KIM H,et al.CRISPRi Screens in Human Ipsc-derived Astrocytes Elucidate Regulators of Distinct Inflammatory Reactive States[J].Nature Neuroscience,2022,25(11):1528-1542.doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01180-9
  • [32] LOGIACCO F,XIA P,GEORGIEV S V,et al.Microglia Sense Neuronal Activityvia GABA in the Early Postnatal Hippocampus[J].Cell Reports,2021,37(13):110128.doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110128
  • [33] AL-GHRAIYBAH N F,WANG J,ALKHALIFA A E,et al.Glial Cellmediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(18):10572.doi:10.3390/ijms231810572
  • [34] TAPIAS V,GONZ-LEZ-ANDR-S P,PE-A L F,et al.Therapeutic Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling in Alzheimer′s Disease and Parkinson′s Disease[J].Antioxidants(Basel),2023,12(6):1282.doi:10.3390/antiox12061282
  • [35] IWATA R,CASIMIR P,ERKOL E,et al.Mitochondria Metabolism Sets the Species-specific Tempo of Neuronal Development[J].Science,2023,379(6632):eabn4705.doi:10.1126/science.abn4705
  • [36] BHATTI J S,KAUR S,MISHRA J,et al.Targeting Dynamin-related Protein-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Molecular Basis of Disease,2023,1869(7):166798.doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166798
  • [37] WANG X,WANG W,LI L,et al.Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2014,1842(8):1240-1247.doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.015
  • [38] SAMANTA S,CHAKRABORTY S,BAGCHI D.Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Protective Role of Natural Bioactive Components[J].Journal of the American Nutrition Association,2023,15:1-13.doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2203235
  • [39] JAGANJAC M,MILKOVIC L,ZARKOVIC N,et al.Oxidative Stress and Regeneration[J].Free Radical Biology Medicine,2022,181:154-165.doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.004
  • [40] LI C,DANG J,LV Y,et al.The Isolation and Preparation of Samwinol from Dracocephalum Heterophyllum and Prevention on Aβ25-35-induced Neuroinflammation in PC-12 Cells[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(19):11572.doi:10.3390/ijms231911572
  • [41] BAI R,GUO J,YE X Y,et al.Oxidative Stress:The Core Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Ageing Research Reviews,2022,77:101619.doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101619
  • [42] RAO C V,ASCH A S,CARR D J J,et al."Amyloid-beta Accumulation Cycle" as a Prevention and/or Therapy Target for Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Aging Cell,2020,19(3):e13109.doi:10.1111/acel.13109
  • [43] BURNS L H,PEI Z,WANG H Y.Targeting α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Their Protein Interactions in Alzheimer′s Disease Drug Development[J].Drug Development Research,2023,84(6):1085-1095.doi:10.1002/ddr.22085
  • [44] WANG H Y,PEI Z,LEE K C,et al.PTI-125 Reduces Biomarkers of Alzheimer′s Disease in Patients[J].Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer′s Disease,2020,7(4):256-264.doi:10.14283/jpad.2020.6
  • [45] CUMMINGS J.Anti-amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies Are Transformative Treatments that Redefine Alzheimer′s Disease Therapeutics[J].Drugs,2023,83(7):569-576.doi:10.1007/s40265-023-01858-9
  • [46] CAO W,ZHENG H.Peripheral Immune System in Aging and Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Molecular Neurodegeneration,2018,13(1):51.doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0284-2
  • [47] WANG X,SUN G,FENG T,et al.Sodium Oligomannate Therapeutically Remodels Gut Microbiota and Suppresses Gut Bacterial Amino Acids-shaped Neuroinflammation to Inhibit Alzheimer′s Disease Progression[J].Cell Research,2019,29(10):787803.doi:10.1038/s41422-019-0216-x
  • [48] TIWARI S,ATLURI V,KAUSHIK A,et al.Alzheimer′s Disease:Pathogenesis,Diagnostics,and Therapeutics[J].International Journal of Nanomedicine,2019,14:5541-5554.doi:10.2147/IJN.S200490
  • [49] ATTIA M S,YAHYA A,MONAEM N A,et al.Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles:Their Potential as Drug Delivery Carriers and Nanoscavengers in Alzheimer′s and Parkinson′s Diseases[J].Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,2023,31(3):417-432.doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.009
  • [50] LESZEK J,MD ASHRAF G,TSE W H,et al.Nanotechnology for Alzheimer Disease[J].Current Alzheimer Research,2017,14(11):11821189.doi:10.2174/1567205014666170203125008
  • [51] FERNANDES J,GHATE M V,MALLIK S B,et al.Amino Acid Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles for The Brain Targeting of a Model Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutics,2018,547(1/2),563-571.doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.031
  • [52] SIVANDZADE F,CUCULLO L.In-vitro Blood-brain Barrier Modeling:A Review of Modern and Fast-advancing Technologies[J].Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism:Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism,2018,38(10):1667-1681.doi:10.1177/0271678X18788769
  • [53] CHANG C Y,TING H C,LIU C A,et al.Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell(iPSC)based Neurodegenerative Disease Models for Phenotype Recapitulation and Drug Screening[J].Molecules,2020,25(8):2000.doi:10.3390/molecules25082000
  • [54] SONNTAG K C,SONG B,LEE N,et al.Pluripotent Stem Cellbased Therapy for Parkinson′s Disease:Current Status and Future Prospects[J].Progress in Neurobiology,2018,168:1-20.doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.005
  • [55] ELZAYAT E M,SHAHIEN S A,EL-SHERIF A A,et al.MiRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Journal of Alzheimer′s Disease,2023,94(S1),S203-S225.doi:10.3233/JAD-221298
  • [56] LIU X Y,YANGL P,ZHAO L.Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer′s Disease[J].World Journal of Stem Cells,2020,12(8):787-802.doi:10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.787
  • [57] MORENO-JIM-NEZ E P,FLOR-GARC-A M,TERREROS-RONCAL J,et al.Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Abundant in Neurologically Healthy Subjects and Drops Sharply in Patients with Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Nature Medicine,2019,25(4):554-560.doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0375-9
  • [58] ARMELI F,MENGONI B,MAGGI E,et al.Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-induced M1 Microglia Cells to form M2 Anti-inflammatory Phenotype[J].Biomedicines,2022,10(12):3116.doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123116
  • [59] KHOLAFAZAD K H,HASANZADEH M.Biomedical Analysis of Exosomes Using Biosensing Methods:Recent Progress[J].Analytical Methods:Advancing Methods and Applications,2020,12:27952811.doi:10.1039/d0ay00722f
  • [60] ZHANG Y,LIU Y,LIU H,et al.Exosomes:Biogenesis,Biologic Function and Clinical Potential[J].Cell & Bioscience,2019,9:19.doi:10.1186/s13578-019-0282-2
  • [61] LEE K H,TSENG W C,YANG C Y,et al.The Anti-inflammatory,Anti-oxidative,and Anti-apoptotic Benefits of Stem Cells in Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2019,20:3529.doi:10.3390/ijms20143529
  • [62] WEI W,AO Q,WANG X,et al.Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes:A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2021,11:590470.doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.590470
  • [63] CONE A S,YUAN X,SUN L,et al.Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Alzheimer′s Disease-like Phenotypes in a Preclinical Mouse Model[J].Theranostics,2021,11:8129-8142.doi:10.7150/thno.62069
  • [64] CHEN Y A,LU C H,KE C C,et al.Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Ameliorate Alzheimer′s Disease Pathology and Improve Cognitive Deficits[J].Biomedicines,2021,9:594.doi:10.3390/biomedicines9060594
  • [65] LIU S,FAN M,XU J X,et al.Exosomes Derived from Bone-marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Cognitive Decline in AD-like Mice by Improving BDNF-related Neuropathology[J].Journal of Neuroinflammation,2022,19:35.doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02393-2
  • [66] WANG H,HUBER C C,LI X P.Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Treating Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Bioengineering(Basel),2023,10:253.doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020253
  • [67] ZHANG Y,FAN W,CHEN X,et al.The Objective Dementia Severity Scale Based on MRI with Contrastive Learning:A Whole Brain Neuroimaging Perspective[J].Sensors,2023,23:6871.doi:10.3390/s23156871
  • [68] CLINE E N,BICCA M A,VIOLA K L,et al.The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis:Beginning of the Third Decade[J].Journal of Alzheimer′s Disease,2018,64:S567-S610.doi:10.3233/JAD-179941
  • [69] DAS S,SMID S D.Identification of Dibenzyl Imidazolidine and Triazole Acetamide Derivatives Through Virtual Screening Targeting Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells[J].European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2017,130:354364.doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.057
  • [70] KAWASAKI T,MAN V H,SUGIMOTO Y,et al.Infrared Laserinduced Amyloid Fibril Dissociation:A Joint Experimental/theoretical Study on the GNNQQNY Peptide[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2020,124:62666277.doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05385
  • [71] MAN V H,HE X,WANG J.Stable Cavitation Interferes with Aβ1622 Oligomerization[J].Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2022,62:38853895.doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00764
  • [72] SOLANKI R,KARANDE A,RANGANATHAN P.Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration[J].Frontiers in Neurology,2023,14:1149618.doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1149618
  • [73] NETA F I,DE SOUZA F E S,BATISTA A L,et al.Effects of Supplementation with Probiotics in Experimental Models of Alzheimer′s Disease:A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments[J].Current Alzheimer Research,2022,19(3):188201.doi:10.2174/1567205019666220318092003
  • [74] ZHU X,ZHANG Z,YANG X,et al.Improvement of Extraction from Hericium Erinaceus on the Gutbrain Axis in ADlike Mice[J].Brain Research,2022,1793:148038.doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148038
  • [75] LEBLHUBER F,EGGER M,SCHUETZ B,et al.Commentary:Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer′s Disease:A Randomized,Doubleblind and Controlled Trial[J].Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,2018,10:54.doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00054
  • [76] GUO L,XU J,DU Y,et al.Effects of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Translational Neuroscience,2021,12(1):573580.doi:10.1515/tnsci-2020-0203
  • [77] ZILBERTER Y,ZILBERTER T.Glucose-sparing Action of Ketones Boosts Functions Exclusive to Glucose in the Brain[J].eNeuro,2020,7(6):ENEURO.0303-20.2020.doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0303-20.2020
  • [78] ZOU X H,SUN L H,YANG W,et al.Potential Role of Insulin on the Pathogenesis of Depression[J].Cell Proliferation,2020,53(5):e12806.doi:10.1111/cpr.12806
  • [79] PIETRZAK D,KASPEREK K,REKAWEK P,et al.The Therapeutic Role of Ketogenic Diet in Neurological Disorders[J].Nutrients,2022,14(9):1952.doi:10.3390/nu14091952
  • [80] HERSANT H,GROSSBERG G.The Ketogenic Diet and Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Journal of Nutrition,Health & Aging,2022,26(6):606-614.doi:10.1007/s12603-022-1807-7
  • [81] MA D,WANG A C,PARIKH I,et al.Ketogenic Diet Enhances Neurovascular Function with Altered Gut Microbiome in Young Healthy Mice[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):6670.doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25190-5
  • [82] K NSTLER E C S,BUBLAK P,FINKE K,et al.The Relationship Between Cognitive Impairments and Sleep Quality Measures in Persistent Insomnia Disorder[J].Nature and Science of Sleep,2023,15:491-498.doi:10.2147/NSS.S399644
  • [83] BIRINGER R G.The Role of Eicosanoids in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2019,16:2560.doi:10.3390/ijerph16142560
  • [84] HARTNETT K B,FERGUSON B J,HECHT P M,et al.Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Stress in Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Biomolecules,2023,13:1096.doi:10.3390/biom13071096
  • [85] TORRES-MENDOZA B M G,ORTIZ G G,S-NCHEZ-ROMERO L,et al.Dietary Fish Oil Increases Catalase Activity in Patients with Probable Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Nutricion Hospitalaria,2022,39:1364-1368.doi:10.20960/nh.04153
  • [86] LEIKIN-FRENKEL A,SCHNAIDER BEERI M,COOPER I.How Alpha Linolenic Acid May Sustain Bloodbrain Barrier Integrity and Boost Brain Resilience Against Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Nutrients,2022,14:5091.doi:10.3390/nu14235091
  • [87] AMMANN E M,POTTALA J V,ROBINSON J G,et al.Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Incident Dementia:Second-ary Analyses of Longitudinal Data from the Women′s Health Initiative Memory Study(WHIMS)[J].Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids,2017,121:68-75.doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.006
  • [88] GREGORY S,BLENNOW K,RITCHIE C W,et al.Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower White Matter Lesion Volume in Mediterranean Cities and Lower Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 in Non-mediterranean Cities in the EPAD LCS Cohort[J].Neurobiology of Aging,2023,131:29-38.doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.012
  • [89] DAUVILLIERS Y.Hypocretin/orexin,Sleep and Alzheimer′s Disease[J].Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience,2021,45:139-149.doi:10.1159/000514967
  • [90] WANG C,HOLTZMAN D M.Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep and Alzheimer′s Disease:Role of Amyloid,Tau,and Other Factors[J].Neuropsychopharmacology:Official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology,2020,45(1):104-120.doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0478-5
  • [91] ZHAO H Y,WU H J,HE J L,et al.Chronic Sleep Restriction Induces Cognitive Deficits and Cortical Beta-amyloid Deposition in Mice via BACE1-antisense Activation[J].CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,2017,23(3):233-240.doi:10.1111/cns.12667
  • [92] PARHIZKAR S,GENT G,CHEN Y,et al.Sleep Deprivation Exacerbates Microglial Reactivity and Aβ Deposition in a TREM2-dependent Manner in Mice[J].Science Translational Medicine,2023,15(693):eade6285.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ade6285
  • [93] 任秋阳,张建新,李兴宇,等.屏状核的解剖结构及生理功能[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2023,47(1):79-83.doi:10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.202304001 REN Qiuyang,ZHANG Jianxin,LI Xingyu,et al.Anatomical Structure and Physiological Function of Claustrum[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University(Natural Science),2023,47(1):79-83.