河北师范大学学报—

目前中国自然保护地体系存在着空间交叉重叠、保护与发展矛盾突出、生态系统管理不完善等诸多问题，已严重影响保护成效.在国内外相关研究基础上，以京津冀地区为例，提出自然保护地体系综合建设技术框架.集成多学科理论技术，开展保护地整合划定、功能分区和优化管理技术研究，奠定保护地体系构建的科学基础.此外，在考虑全球气候变化影响的前提下，注重开展基于景观尺度的保护地规划，并加强多利益相关方参与.研究不仅为京津冀协同发展构筑有力生态安全屏障，也为中国乃至世界的保护地工作提供了具体技术指导.

Abstract：

Currently,the natural protected areas system in China has numerous problems,including spatial overlap,severe conflicts between protection and development,and imperfect ecosystem management,which have seriously influenced the effectiveness of protection. Based on literature review,this research uses Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a study case to propose technical framework for comprehensive establishment of natural protected area system. Specifically,the multidisciplinary theories and technologies should be integrated to carry out the study of integrated demarcation of protected areas,functional zoning,and optimized management techniques,to lay scientific foundation for protected area system construction. In addition,under the premise of considering the impact of global climate change,protected areas system is suggested to plan at landscape scale,and multi-stakeholders participation need to be strengthened. This research not only builds a strong ecological security barrier for coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,but also provides specific technical guidance for the work of protected areas in China and the world.

关键词

关键词： 自然保护地；京津冀地区；国家公园；保护地规划；多利益相关方

Key words： natural protected area ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ; national park ; protected area planning ; multi-stakeholders

参考文献 44

[1] IUCN.Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories[M].Gland，Switzerland：IUCN，2013.
[2] WATSON J E M，SHANAHAN D F，DIMARCO M，et al.Catastrophic Declines in Wilderness Areas Undermine Global Environment Targets[J].Current Biology，2016，26(21)：2929-2934.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.049
[3] WATSON J E M，DUDLEY N，SEGAN D B，et al.The Performance and Potential of Protected Areas[J].Nature，2014，515(7525)：67- 73.doi:10.1038/nature13947
[4] PIMM S L，JENKINS C N，LI B V.How to Protect Half of Earth to Ensure It Protects Sufficient Biodiversity[J].Science Advance，2018，4(8) ：eaat2616.doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2616
[5] KUKKALA A S，MOILANEN A.Core Concepts of Spatial Prioritisation in Systematic Conservation Planning[J].Biological Review，2013，88(2)： 443-464.doi:10.1111/brv.12008
[6] NAIDOO R，BALMFORD A，FERRARO P，et al.Integrating Economic Costs into Conservation Planning[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution，2006，21 (12)：681-687.doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.003
[7] GOLDSTEIN J H，CALDARONE G，DUARTE T K，et al.Integrating Ecosystem-service Tradeoffs into Land-use Decisions[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2012，109(19)：7565-7570.doi:10.1073/pnas.1201040109
[8] ZHENG Hua，LI Yifeng，ROBINSON B E，et al.Using Ecosystem Service Trade-offs to Inform Water Conservation Policies and Management Practices[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment，2016，14(10)：527-532.doi:10.1002/fee.1432
[9] CHAPIN F S，CARPENTER S R，KOFINAS G P，et al.Ecosystem Stewardship：Sustainability Strategies for a Rapidly Changing Planet[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution，2010，25(4)：241-249.doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.008
[10] CHAPIN F S，CARPENTER S R，KOFINAS G P，et al.Ecosystem Stewardship：Sustainability Strategies for a Rapidly Changing Planet[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution，2010，25(4)：241-249.doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.008
[11] 余振国.中国自然保护地体系构成研究[J].中国国土资源经济，2019，32(4)：12-17.doi:10.19676/j.cnki.1672-6995.0000253 YU Zhenguo.Study on the Structure of Natural Protected Areas System in China[J].Natural Resource Economics of China，2019，32(4)：12-17.
[12] 马童慧，吕偲，雷光春.中国自然保护地空间重叠分析与保护地体系优化整合对策[J].生物多样性，2019，27(7)：758-771.doi:10.17520/biods.2019087 MA Tonghui，LYU Cai，LEI Guangchun.The Spatial Overlapping Analysis for China′s Natural Protected Area and Countermeasures for the Optimization and Integration of Protected Area System[J].Biodiversity Science，2019，27(7)：758-771.
[13] XU Weihua，PIMM S L，DU Ao，et al.Transforming Protected Area Management in China[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution，2019，34(9)：762- 766.doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.009
[14] 马永欢，黄宝荣，林慧，等.对我国自然保护地管理体系建设的思考[J].生态经济，2019，35(9)：182-186. MA Yonghuan，HUANG Baorong，LIN Hui，et al.Thoughts on the Construction of Nature Protected Area Management System in China[J].Ecological Economy，2019，35(9)：182-186.
[15] 辛培源，田甜，战强.自然保护地与生态保护红线的发展关系研究[J].环境生态学，2019，1(4)：29-33. XIN Peiyuan，TIAN Tian，ZHAN Qiang.Research on the Development Relationship Between the Natural Protected Areas and the Ecological Conservation Red Line[J].Environmental Ecology，2019，1(4)：29-33.
[16] LIU Jianguo，LINDERMAN M，OUYANG Zhiyun，et al.Ecological Degradation in Protected Areas：The Case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas[J].Science，2001，292(5514)：98-101.doi:10.1126/science.1058104
[17] LI Hao，ZHANG Xiao，ZHANG Yan，et al.Risk Assessment of Forest Landscape Degradation Using Bayesian Network Modeling in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment(China) with Emphasis on the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Program[J].Land Degradation & Development，2018， 29(11)：3876-3885.doi:10.1002/ldr.3133
[18] MA Zhijun，CHEN Ying，MELVILLE D S，et al.Changes in Area and Number of Nature Reserves in China[J].Conservation Biology，2019，33(5)： 1066-1075.doi:10.1111/cobi.13285
[19] XU Weihua，XIAO Yi，ZHANG Jingjing，et al.Strengthening Protected Areas for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in China[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2017，114(7)：1601-1606.doi:10.1073/pnas.1620503114
[20] 何思源，苏杨，罗慧男，等.基于细化保护需求的保护地空间管制技术研究[J].环境保护，2017，45(2-3)：50-57.doi:10.14026/j.cnki.0253- 9705.2017.02.011 HE Siyuan，SU Yang，LUO Huinan，et al.Research of Management Methodology in Protected Area Based on Itemised Conservation Requirements- supporting Construction of China Pilot National Park′s Construction[J].Environmental Protection，2017，45(2-3)：50-57.
[21] MARGULES C R，PRESSEY R L.Systematic Conservation Planning[J].Nature，2000，405：243-253.doi:10.1038/35012251
[22] BOTTS E A，PENCE G，HOLNESS S，et al.Practical Actions for Applied Systematic Conservation Planning[J].Conservation Biology，2019，33 (6)：1235-1246.doi:10.1111/cobi.13321
[23] LI Hao，BENNETT M T，JIANG Xuemei，et al.Rural Household Preferences for Active Participation in "Payment for Ecosystem Service" Programs：A Case in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment，China[J].PLoS One，2017，12(1)：e0169483.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169483
[24] XU Weihua，LI Xiaosong，PIMM S L，et al.The Effectiveness of the Zoning of China′s Protected Areas[J].Biological Conservation，2016， 204：231-236.doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.028
[25] MILLENNIUM E A.Ecosystems and Human Well-being：A Framework for Assessment[M].Washington D C：Island Press，2003.
[26] CARRIGER J F，BARRON M G，NEWMAN M C.Bayesian Networks Improve Causal Environmental Assessments for Evidence-based Policy [J].Environmental Science & Technology，2016，50(24)：13195-13205.doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03220
[27] JIANG Hong，EASTMAN J R.Application of Fuzzy Measures in Multi-criteria Evaluation in GIS[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science，2000，14(2)：173-184.doi:10.1080/136588100240903
[28] MALCZEWSKI J，LIU Xinyang.Local Ordered Weighted Averaging in GIS-based Multicriteria Analysis[J].Annals of GIS，2014，20(2)：117- 129.doi:10.1080/19475683.2014.904439
[29] VALENTE R,de OLIVEIRA A，VETTORAZZI C A.Definition of Priority Areas for Forest Conservation Through the Ordered Weighted Averaging Method[J].Forest Ecology & Management，2008，256(6)：1408-1417.doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.006
[30] VETTORAZZI C A，VALENTE R A.Priority Areas for Forest Restoration Aiming at the Conservation of Water Resources[J].Ecological Engineering，2016，94：255-267.doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.05.069
[31] LI Hao，MA Zichuan，ZHUN Yuanjun，et al.Planning and Prioritizing Forest Landscape Restoration Within Megacities Using the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator[J].Ecological Indicators，2020，116：106499.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106499
[32] LIU Guoliang，NELSON J D，WARDMAN C W.A Target-oriented Approach to Forest Ecosystem Design-changing the Rules of Forest Planning [J].Ecological Modelling，2000，127(2/3)：269-281.doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00217-3
[33] BORGES P，EID T，BERGSENG E.Applying Simulated Annealing Using Different Methods for the Neighborhood Search in Forest Planning Problems[J].European Journal of Operational Research，2014，233(3)：700-710.doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2013.08.039
[34] LI Hao，YANG Xiaohui，ZHANG Xiao，et al.Estimation of Rural Households′ Willingness to Accept Two PES Programs and Their Service Valuation in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment，China[J].Sustainability，2018，10(1)：170.doi:10.3390/su10010170
[35] LI Hao，CAI Yongmao，ZHANG Yan，et al.Impact of a Cross-jurisdictional Payment for Ecosystem Services Program on the Participants′ Welfare in North China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production，2018，189：454-463.doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.081
[36] 李皓，张克斌，杨晓晖，等.密云水库流域“稻改旱”生态补偿农户参与意愿分析[J].生态学报，2017，37(20)：6953- 6962.doi:10.5846/stxb201607291555 LI Hao，ZHANG Kebin，YANG Xiaohui，et al.Choice Experiment Modeling of Rural Households′ Willingness to Participate in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment′s Paddy Land-to-dry Land Program[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica，2017，37(20)：6953-6962.
[37] LI Hao，LIU Guoliang，LIU Yanshu，et al.Optimal Strategies for Integrated Forest Management in Megacities Combined with Wood and Carbon Services[J].Journal of Cleaner Production，2019，229：431-439.doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.209
[38] STRALBERG D，CARROLL C，NIELSEN S E.Toward a Climate-informed North American Protected Areas Network：Incorporating Climate-change Refugia and Corridors in Conservation Planning[J].Conservation Letters，2020，13(4)：e12712.doi:10.1111/conl.12712
[39] Intergovernmental Science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES).Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services[M].Bonn，Germany：IPBES Secretariat，2019.
[40] STRALBERG D，CARROLL C，PEDLAR J H，et al.Macrorefugia for North American Trees and Songbirds：Climatic Limiting Factors and Multi- scale Topographic Influences[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography，2018，27(6)：690-703.doi:10.1111/geb.12731
[41] LOARIE S R，DUFFY P B，HAMILTON H，et al.The Velocity of Climate Change[J].Nature，2009，462(7276)：1052-1055.doi:10.1038/nature08649
[42] PRATO T.Multiple Attribute Evaluation of Landscape Management[J].Journal of Environmental Management，2000，60(4)：325- 337.doi:10.1006/jema.2000.0387
[43] 邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].2版.北京：高等教育出版社，2007. WU Jianguo.Landscape Ecology：Pattern，Process，Scale and Hierarchy[M].2nd ed.Beijing：Higher Education Press，2007.
[44] LAMB D，STANTURF J，MADSEN P.What is Forest Landscape Restoration?[M]∥STANTURF J，LAMB D，MADSEN P，et al.Forest Landscape Restoration ：Integrating Natural and Social Sciences.Dordrecht：Springer Netherlands，2012.