河北师范大学学报—

期刊信息

刊名：河北师范大学学报（自然科学版）Journal of Hebei Normal University (Natural Science)
主办：河北师范大学
ISSN： 1000-5854
CN： 13-1061/N
中国科技核心期刊
中国期刊方阵入选期刊
中国高校优秀科技期刊
华北优秀期刊
河北省优秀科技期刊

协同采编系统

友情链接

兵团与地方绿洲乡村聚落格局差异性分析及其驱动初探

王盼^1,2

王宏卫^1,2

杨胜天^1,2,3

隋学佳^1,2

张贝贝^1,2

1. 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
3. 北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875
DOI： 10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.nse.2019.01.012

Analysis of Oasis Rural Settlements Pattern Diversity of XPCC and the Locality and Its Driving

WANG Pan^1,2, WANG Hongwei^1,2, YANG Shengtian^1,2,3, SUI Xuejia^1,2, ZHANG Beibei^1,2

PDF
下载
HTML

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿洲是新疆重要的农业生产生活基地，乡村聚落也都集中分布在水肥条件较佳的绿洲内.新疆生产建设兵团作为新疆重要的一支农业生产力量，扎根在新疆的各块绿洲上，与地方相互交融，自行管理内部行政、司法事务.由于兵团与地方在历史、管理和体制等方面有很大的不同，其作为农业生产生活主要根据地的乡村聚落可能也会有区别，通过研究兵团与地方乡村聚落格局差异与特征，分析形成这种差异性的原因.结果表明：辖区内兵团聚落密度大于地方聚落密度，但在农耕区内，兵团聚落密度小于地方聚落密度；在乡村聚落布局上，聚落的分布与地势海拔、距离河流远近方面呈现负相关关系，地方聚落平均海拔较高，高差小，距离河流较近，兵团聚落平均海拔较低，高差大，距离河流较远；在乡村聚落外部形状复杂度上，地方乡村聚落大于兵团乡村聚落，团场乡镇聚落大于连队自然村聚落.

Abstract：

Oasis is an important agricultural production and living base in Xinjiang,and the rural settlements are also concentrated in the oasis with better water and fertilizer conditions.Xinjiang production and construction corps (XPCC),an important agricultural production force in Xinjiang,is rooted in the oasis of Xinjiang and located in different prefectures,self-managing its internal administration,as well as judicial affairs.XPCC is very different in history,system and management from local communities,so rural settlements as its main production and living base area are inevitably different. In recent years,there are many researches on rural settlements,but the researches focus on the pattern and layout of rural settlements in one or more administrative areas,and there are few studies on rural settlement comparison.By comparing the differences between XPCC settlements and local native settlements in the oasis,with methods of density analysis,adjacent index and shape index,this paper highlights the influence of special system of XPCC on rural settlements pattern and layout in arid area like Xinjiang,China.The conclusions are as follows.The density of XPCC settlements is greater than that of local settlements,but in the farming area,the density of XPCC settlements is less than that of local settlements.As for the layout of rural settlements,the distribution of settlements is negatively related to elevation and distance from rivers.The average altitude of local settlements is high,the difference of height is small,near from rivers,while those of XPCC settlements is on the contrary.The complexity of rural settlements external shape regularity of XPCC rural settlements is lower than that of local rural settlements,that of regimental farm-local township of rural settlements is higher than that of natural village-production company.

关键词

关键词： 乡村聚落 ; 兵团 ; 地方 ; 绿洲 ; 新疆

Key words： rural settlements ; Xinjiang production and construction corps ; locality ; oasis ; Xinjiang

参考文献 34

[1] 周国华,贺艳华,唐承丽,等.中国农村聚居演变的驱动机制及态分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):515-524.doi:10.11821/Xb201104008 ZHOU Guohua,HE Yanhua,TANG Chengli,et al.Dynamic Mechanism and Present Situation of Rural Settlements Evolution in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(4):515-524.
[2] 马晓冬,李全林,沈一.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):516-525.doi:10.11821/Xb201204008 MA Xiaodong,LI Quanlin,SHEN Yi.Morphological Difference and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(4):516-525.
[3] 单勇兵,马晓冬,仇方道.苏中地区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型划分[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1340-1347.doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.11.008 SHAN Yongbing,MA Xiaodong,QIU Fangdao.Distribution Patterns Characteristics and Type Classification of the Rural Settlements in Central Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(11):1340-1347.
[4] COHEN I A,SOFER M.Integrated Rural Heritage Landscapes:The Case of Agricultural Cooperative Settlements and Open Space in Israel[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,54(6):98-110.doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.006
[5] REID S,CESARONI C.Informal Settlements in the Peri-urban Areas of Bahir Dar Ethiopia:An Institutional Analysis[J].Habitat International,2014,43(1):90-97.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.01.014
[6] UZUN B,SIMSEK N C.Upgrading of Illegal Settlements in Turkey,the Case of North Ankara Entrance Urban Regeneration Project[J].Habitat International,2015,49(5):157-164.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.026
[7] ROJAS C,MEULDER de B,SHANNON K.Water Urbanism in Bogotá Exploring the Potentials of an Interplay Between Settlement Patterns and Water Management[J].Habitat International,2015,48(3):177-187.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.03.017
[8] MASSEY R T.Exploring Counter-conduct in Upgraded Informal Settlements:The Case of Women Residents in Makhaza and New Rest (Cape Town),South Africa[J].Habitat International,2014,44(7):290-296.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.07.007
[9] QUINN B,WILKS L.Festival Heterotopias:Spatial and Temporal Transformations in Two Small-scale Settlements[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,53(5):35-44.doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.05.006
[10] DINIZ F H,HOOGSTRA-KLEIN M A,KOK K,et al.Livelihood Strategies in Settlement Projects in the Brazilian Amazon:Determining Drivers and Factors Within the Agrarian Reform Program[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2013,32(6):196-207.doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.06.005
[11] 马利邦,郭晓东,张启媛.甘谷县乡村聚落时空布局特征及格局优化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):217-225.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.13.035 MA Libang,GUO Xiaodong,ZHANG Qiyuan.Spatio-temporal Distribution and Optimization of Rural Settlements in Gangu County of Loess Hilly Area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(13):217-225.
[12] 王曼曼,吴秀芹,吴斌,等.盐池北部风沙区乡村聚落空间格局演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):260-271.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.037 WANG Manman,WU Xiuqin,WU Bin,et al.Evolution Analysis of Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Sandy Area of Northern Yanchi[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(8):260-271.
[13] 吴江国,张小林,冀亚哲.不同尺度乡村聚落景观的空间集聚性分形特征及影响因素分析——以江苏省镇江市为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):99-107.doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2014.01.008 WU Jiangguo,ZHANG Xiaolin,JI Yazhe.The Multi-level Spatial Aggregation Fractal Characteristics of Rural Settlements and Influencing Factors:A Case Study of Zhenjiang in Jiangsu[J].Human Geography,2014,29(1):99-107.
[14] 朱晓翔,朱纪广,乔家君.国内乡村聚落研究进展与展望[J].人文地理,2016,31(1):33-41.doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2016.01.005 ZHU Xiaoxiang,ZHU Jiguang,QIAO Jiajun.Research Progress and Prospect on Chinese Rural Settlements[J].Human Geography,2016,31(1):33-41.
[15] 李红波,张小林,吴江国,等.欠发达地区聚落景观空间分布特征及其影响因子分析——以安徽省宿州地区为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(6):711-716.doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.06.009 LI Hongbo,ZHANG Xiaolin,WU Jiangguo,et al.Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Settlement in Less Developed Areas:Taking Suzhou of Anhui Province as an Example[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(6):711-716.
[16] 李红波,张小林,吴江国,等.苏南地区乡村聚落空间格局及其驱动机制[J].地理科学,2014,34(4):438-446.doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.04.438 LI Hongbo,ZHANG Xiaolin,WU Jiangguo,et al.Spatial Pattern and Its Driving Mechanism of Rural Settlements in Southern Jiangsu[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(4):438-446.
[17] 李全林,马晓冬,沈一.苏北地区乡村聚落的空间格局[J].地理研究,2012,31(1):144-154.doi:10.11821/yj2012010014 LI Quanlin,MA Xiaodong,SHEN Yi.Analysis of Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in North Jiangsu[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(1):144-154.
[18] 郭晓东,马利邦,张启媛.陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落空间分布特征及其基本类型分析——以甘肃省秦安县为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(1):45-51.doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.01.007 GUO Xiaodong,MA Libang,ZHANG Qiyuan.The Spatial Distribution Characteristics and the Basic Types of Rural Settlement in Loess Hilly Area:Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province as a Case[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(1):45-51.
[19] 郭晓东,张启媛,马利邦.山地-丘陵过渡区乡村聚落空间分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].经济地理,2012,32(10):114-120.doi:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2012.10.018 GUO Xiaodong,ZHANG Qiyuan,MA Libang.Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Character and Its Influence Factors of Rural Settlement in Transition-region Between Mountain and Hilly[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(10):114-120.
[20] 郭晓东,马利邦,张启媛.基于GIS的秦安县乡村聚落空间演变特征及其驱动机制研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(7):56-62.doi:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2012.07.029 GUO Xiaodong,MA Libang,ZHANG Qiyuan.A GIS-based Research on the Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the Rural Settlements in Qin'an County[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(7):56-62.
[21] 孟令冉,吴军,董霁红.山丘生态保护区乡村聚落空间分异及格局优化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):278-286.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.10.037 MENG Lingran,WU Jun,DONG Jihong.Spatial Differentiation and Layout Optimization of Rural Settlements in Hill Ecological Protection Area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):278-286.
[22] 唐承丽,贺艳华,周国华,等.基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化研究[J].地理学报,2014,69(10):1459-1472.doi:10.11821/dlxb201410006 TANG Chengli,HE Yanhua,ZHOU Guohua,et al.The Research on Optimization Mode of Spatial Organization of Rural Settlements Oriented by Life Quality[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(10):1459-1472.
[23] 李骞国,石培基,刘春芳,等.黄土丘陵区乡村聚落时空演变特征及格局优化——以七里河区为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):126-133.doi:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.01.018 LI Qianguo,SHI Peiji,LIU Chunfang,et al.Spatial-temporal Evolution Characteristic and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlement in the Loess Hilly Region-take Qilihe District for Example[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(1):126-133.
[24] 郑文升,姜玉培,罗静,等.平原水乡乡村聚落空间分布规律与格局优化——以湖北公安县为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(11):120-127.doi:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2014.11.019 ZHENG Wensheng,JIANG Yupei,LUO Jing,et al.The Spatial Distribution and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in Plain Water Area——A Case of Gong'an Hubei[J].Economic Geography,2014,34(11):120-127.
[25] 岳邦瑞,王庆庆,侯全华.人地关系视角下的吐鲁番麻扎村绿洲聚落形态研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(8):1345-1350.doi:10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2011.08.019 YUE Bangrui,WANG Qingqing,HOU Quanhua.Oasis Settlement Pattern Research of Turpan Mazar Village from the Perspective of Man-land Relationship[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(8):1345-1350.
[26] 席建超,王新歌,孔钦钦,等.旅游地乡村聚落演变与土地利用模式——野三坡旅游区三个旅游村落案例研究[J].地理学报,2014,69(4):531-540.doi:10.11821/dlxb201404009 XI Jianchao,WANG Xinge,KONG Qinqin,et al.Spatial Morphology Evolution of Rural Settlements Induced by Tourism:A Comparative Study of Three Villages in Yesanpo Tourism Area,China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(4):531-540.
[27] CAO Yingui,BAI Zhongke,SUN Qi,et al.Rural Settlement Changes in Compound Land Use Areas:Characteristics and Reasons of Changes in a Mixed Mining-rural-settlement Area in Shanxi Province,China[J].Habitat International,2017,61(1):9-21.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.01.002
[28] YANG Ren,XU Qian,LONG Hualou.Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Optimized Reconstruction Analysis of China's Rural Settlements During the Process of Rapid Urbanization[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47B:413-424.doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.05.013
[29] LIU Yansui,YANG Yuanyuan,LI Yurui,et al.Conversion from Rural Settlements and Arable Land Under Rapid Urbanization in Beijing During 1985-2010[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,51(2):414-150.doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.02.008
[30] 魏天锋,刘志辉,姚俊强.博尔塔拉河径流过程对气候变化的响应[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(5):73-77. doi:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2014.05.014 WEI Tianfeng,LIU Zhihui,YAO Junqiang.Response of the Runoff Process on Climate Change in Bortala River[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2014,25(5):73-77.
[31] 董煜,海米提·依米提.艾比湖流域径流水文特征及其对降水变化应——以博尔塔拉河为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):94-99.doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc,2014,02.018 DONG Yu,HAIMITI·Yimiti.Runoff Characteristics and Responses to Precipitation in the Ebinur Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(2):94-99.
[32] 张小龙.艾比湖流域气候变化及其径流响应[J].盐湖研究,2011,19(2):11-15,24. ZHANG Xiaolong.Climatic Variation and Runoff Response in Ebinur Lake Catchment[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,2011,19(2):11-15,24.
[33] 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.《新疆生产建设兵团的历史与发展》白皮书[R].北京:中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室,2014. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China.White Paper on the History and Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps[R].Beijing:The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China,2014.
[34] 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.《新疆各民族平等团结发展的历史见证》白皮书[R].北京:中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室,2015. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China.White Paper on the Historical Witness to Ethnic Equality Unity and Development in Xinjiang[R].Beijing:The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China,2015.