In order to scientifically judge the current situation of sustainable utilization of water resource in Anhui province,China,the relationship between water resources utilization and economic development during the period from 2005 to 2014 was investigated based on barycenter model.Results showed that both barycenters of water utilization and GDP moved towards the southeast of Anhui; specifically,the coordinate of GDP barycenter shifted from (32.0467°N,117.3985°E) to (32.0143°N,117.4109°E),with movements of 0.0324° and 0.0124° in latitude and longitude,respectively. The coordinate of water utilization barycenter shifted from (31.9559°N,117.3974°E) to (31.9124°N,117.4608°E),with movements of 0.0435° and 0.0634° in latitude and longitude,respectively. GDP barycenter movement distance was 10.6702 km,with the moving direction of -1.2459°,and water utilization barycenter movement distance was 32.3961 km,with the direction of -12.4011°.Obviously,the water utilization barycenter movement degree far exceeded that of GDP. Overall,the matching degree between barycenter of water utilization and GDP showed W-type evolution,with mean matching degree of -0.1698;the mismatched years occupied 55.56%,suggesting that the relationship was mismatched on the whole. According to the research results,the optimal spatial allocation of water utilization was achieved and the wrong policy suggestions regarding the dislocation of water utilization and GDP center-of-gravities were corrected.