At the beginning of this century,the great masters of historical science did academic research in the way of academy for academy's sake.Since the latter half of the 1920's,historical research has been combined with the political needs of the time,and there appeared two contradictory thinking ways of thinking,——one laid emphasis upon identity between the history of China and its counterparts in the world,the other upon particularity.After 1949 identity gained too much emphasis.Recently,however,particularity has been paid more attention.Since neither is impartial,Only few academic problems have been solved.We should walk out of the strange circle of swinging from seeking common ground to distinguishing differences,resume the way in which the great masters were doing research work at the begenning of the century so that we will be able to solve some academic problems.