While digital technologies have reshaped the spatiotemporal dimensions and behavioral logic of human communication, they have also given rise to multiple communication challenges.“Information cocoons” narrow the scope of interpersonal interaction; anonymous and virtual communication environments weaken participants’ sense of responsibility; emotional venting increasingly displaces rational debate in the public sphere; and growing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) gradually undermines individuals’ critical-thinking and capacity for rational dialogue.Drawing on Habermas’s theory of communicative action as an analytical framework, this study argues that the instrumental logic of technological rationality has penetrated the domain of communication, reducing communication to a utilitarian means and departing from the essence of intersubjectivity and mutual understanding.At the same time, platform commercialization and algorithmic governance have increasingly constrained the space for rational communication in the public sphere.Accordingly, the reconstruction of communicative rationality in the digital age requires three interrelated approaches: restoring the public character of platform algorithms; cultivating individual data literacy to rebuild the cognitive foundations of the public sphere; and constraining the expansion of technological rationality through communicative rationality so as to facilitate value negotiation in the digital age.