Raymond Williams, a foundational figure in British cultural studies, systematically elaborated the concept of“culture” from literary and sociological perspectives throughout his decadeslong academic career. His intellectual trajectory reveals a continuous development of thought: from an early definition of culture as “a whole way of life” composed of the material, intellectual, and spiritual aspects, to later conceptions of culture as “a state or process of human perfection,” and subsequently as “the totality of intellectual and imaginative works.” This evolution culminated in his formulation of “structures of feeling” and the theoretical framework of cultural materialism. Williams’s theoretical development progressively incorporated material dimensions—transitioning from the materiality of life to the materiality of ideology, and from the materiality of processes to the materiality of ideas—thereby establishing the core principles of his cultural materialism.