The advent of the big data era has triggered explosive datafication across all societal domains. While data-driven technological empowerment enhances national security governance, its embeddedness in political security frameworks simultaneously generates multidimensional risks, including threats to cyber sovereignty, political institutions, and ideological security, potentially escalating interstate cyber conflicts, exacerbating governance crises, and eroding political identity. Technical empowerment, security empowerment, and power empowerment constitute the primary mechanisms for political security risk generation. Effective governance requires: cultivating big data literacy and political security awareness; strengthening technological capabilities with enhanced human oversight; and optimizing institutional safeguards through strategic regulatory design. These approaches collectively establish an intelligent governance paradigm for political security in the digital age.