The rule of law is a critical foundation for Chinese modernization, shaped by both the rich tradition of legal culture and contemporary theoretical and practical considerations. Historically, “political reform” has driven the continuous evolution of Chinese civilization. Since the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has prioritized the establishment of the rule of law, recognizing its vital role in supporting various initiatives related to reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the CPC has successfully charted a distinctive path toward modernization, elevating the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. To fully leverage the rule of law in safeguarding this modernization process, it is essential to focus on three key projects: promoting the supremacy of the people and enhancing the whole-process people’s democracy through legal frameworks; adhering to constitutional governance and ensuring the full implementation and authority of the Constitution; and accelerating the development of an independent jurisprudential system to bolster governance in China.