期刊信息
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- 刊名: 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
- 主办: 河北师范大学
- ISSN: 1000-5587
- CN: 13-1029/C
- 该刊被以下数据库收录:
- AMI综合评价(A刊)核心期刊
- RCCSE中国核心学术期刊
- 中国期刊方阵入选期刊
- 全国百强社会科学学报
- 中国人民大学“复印报刊资料”重要转载来源期刊
The Third Space for Strangers: The Evolution of Chinese Food Culture in America from Chop Suey to Boba
摘要/Abstract
19 世纪中叶,中餐随第一批大规模华人移民落户旧金山。半个世纪后,中餐馆在全美异军突起,“杂碎”因物美价廉而家喻户晓。21世纪以来,源自中国台湾地区的“波霸奶茶”强势登陆北美,成为风靡全美的新潮饮品。中华饮食在美国的传播历程,是与华人本身的文化认同及华人在美国社会的境遇紧密相关的。以空间理论来探讨影响中华饮食文化在北美发展的深层次社会因素可知,华人的第一空间,始于 19 世纪中叶大批华人开始抵达的北美西部;此后的一个世纪,排华法案等社会因素促使美国成为令华人举步维艰的第二空间;在捍卫自身权益的过程中,华人缔造了第三空间,中华餐饮文化是其关键组成部分。在时间上,上述的三个空间并非相互隔绝,而是互相交错、重叠。在文化上,华人作为美国社会的“异乡人”,因外貌、宗教信仰不同饱受歧视,甚至美国政府还曾通过排华法案。而华人的中华饮食文化背后所代表的是华人自身的文化认同,中餐馆是华人社区最早的公共领域和对主流社会宣扬、捍卫中华文化的重要窗口。在经济上,中餐馆是华人最重要的就业场所之一,使得华人的分布扩展到全美各地。 “波霸奶茶”的流行,显示新一代华人不再依靠提供廉价的产品和服务谋生。这背后的社会因素是亚裔移民大增和美国移民政策的变化。探究中餐馆和奶茶店的发展,使得更深入地理解中华饮食文化在海外的文化传播、与其他文化交流中的演变成为可能。
This paper examines the evolution of Chinese food culture in the United States, from the introduction of chop suey in the mid-19th century to the recent popularity of boba milk tea. Using spatial theory as a framework, we analyze how these culinary trends reflect the changing cultural identity and socioeconomic status of Chinese immigrants in American society. We identify three distinct “spaces” in this cultural evolution. The “first space” began with the arrival of Chinese immigrants in western North America in the mid-19th century. The “second space” emerged in response to discriminatory policies like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, as Chinese immigrants struggled to establish themselves in American society. The “third space” represents a cultural hybrid, where Chinese food and beverage culture became a key component of Chinese-American identity and a means of cultural exchange. Our analysis reveals that these spaces are not discrete but overlap and interact over time. We argue that Chinese restaurants and, more recently, boba tea shops, have served as important public domains for the Chinese community. These establishments have not only provided employment opportunities but also acted as windows through which Chinese culture could be shared with mainstream American society. The transition from chop suey to boba milk tea reflects significant changes in the Chinese-American experience. While early Chinese restaurants often relied on providing inexpensive food to attract customers, the popularity of boba milk tea signifies a shift towards trendier, higher-value offerings. This change coincides with evolving immigration policies and an increase in Asian immigration to the United States. By tracing the development of Chinese culinary establishments in America, this paper provides insights into the complex dynamics of cultural transmission, adaptation, and exchange in a multicultural society.