After the completion of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the focus of poverty alleviation work in rural areas through the promotion of Mandarin has to shift to realize the goal of rural revitalization. This paper investigates the Mandarin competence and using conditions of primary and secondary school teachers in rural Henan. It is found that there are still some problems, such as large regional differences in the proficiency of rural primary and secondary school teachers, limited use of Mandarin, shortage of teachers with top-level Manderin proficiency, and insufficient understanding of and attention to national policies and regulations on the use of Mandarin. The focus of language work in the field of education should be changed in the post-poverty alleviation era. Attention should be paid to regional differences in the promotion of Mandarin. Efforts should be made to increase Mandarin promotion in the central region. The focus of the promotion of Mandarin among teachers should be changed gradually from “comprehensive Mandarin Promotion” to “targeted enhancement.” It is also necessary to strengthen the diversification of the methods used and to rely on new media technology to provide a common platform.