期刊信息

  • 刊名: 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
  • 主办: 河北师范大学
  • ISSN: 1000-5587
  • CN: 13-1029/C
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  • AMI综合评价(A刊)核心期刊
  • RCCSE中国核心学术期刊
  • 中国期刊方阵入选期刊
  • 全国百强社会科学学报
  • 中国人民大学“复印报刊资料”重要转载来源期刊

“官学事师”与诸子起源——以刘歆《诸子略》为中心的关联分析

收稿日期: 2023-5-10
  • 作者单位: (上海交通大学 哲学系,上海 200240)
  • 起止页码: 18 - 26

“Teaching was Carried on Only by Official Scholars in Their Governmental Capacity” and the Origin of Scholars: A Relevance Analysis Centered on Liu Xin’s Summary of Philosophical Masters (Zhuzi Lue)

摘要/Abstract

摘要:

早期中国有学问、有知识的人都集中在官场体制内。《礼记·曲礼上》曰“官学事师”,便揭示了不同行业的发端与师传皆出于早期政府系统。文明初建之时的商周官府,充当社会事业的公共管理机构,孕育了百行百业的“祖师爷”。“学”字本身就起源于王室 宫廷、贵族生活。“学”演化为成熟的知识系统则发生在西周之后。及至战国,知识阶层开始独立而不依傍于官场。刘歆《诸子略》直接联结学术与职官,逐一阐述并分析了各家学派的职官起源。周室衰微,周天子的管束减弱,自由的政治氛围直接导致诸子之学空前繁 荣。诸子之间虽有差异,是“殊途”和“百虑”,但都起源于“六经”,都是王官之学的支流或变种。故“六经”是它们的“同归”与“一致”。

Abstract:

In early China, all the learned and knowledgeable people gathered together in the official system. It says in Quli, Part I, The Book of Rites (《礼记·曲礼上》): “teaching was carried on only by official scholars in their governmental capacity,” which reveals that the origin and master-apprentice relationship of different trades all came from the early government system. At the beginning of the civilization, the Shang (c. 1600 BC-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046 BC-256 BC) governments worked as the public management institution of social undertakings, and fostered the “forefathers” of all walks of life. The Chinese character 学 (“learning”) itself originated from the royal court and aristocratic life. Learning (学) evolved into a mature knowledge system after the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771 BC). By the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC), the intellectual class began to be independent rather than relying on officialdom. Summary of Philosophical Masters (《诸子略》) by Liu Xin (刘歆) directly connected learning with official posts, and expounded and analyzed the origin of official posts of various schools one by one. The control of the king of the Zhou was weakened when the Zhou declined, the free political atmosphere directly led to the unprecedented prosperity of studies of the scholars. Although there are differences among the various schools of thought, they are “different paths” and “hundred concerns,” but they all originated from the “Six Classics” and are all tributaries or variants of the learning of officials of the imperial court. Therefore, the “Six Classics” are their “same origin” and “uniformity.”