During the later period of the full-scale civil war (1945-1949) between the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party, the Nationalist government, under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, launched a campaign called Nation-building Movement with Diligence and Thrift. It was hoped that the campaign would become the starting point of “changing the ethos and reforming the society” while complementing the financial reform centered on the currency system, and thus laying the foundation for “building the nation through suppression of insurgency.” Compared with the previous social movements, the Nationalist government tried to change the campaign design and the way it was launched. However, in the process of implementation, the movement continued to repeat the previous top-down approach, failing to truly mobilize popular participation and achieve the expected results, and eventually faded from the stage of history with the collapse of the Nationalist government in military and economic aspects.