Biography of Boyi in Records of the Historian not only has great historical and literary value, but also raises many important political philosophical questions, including the continuity of lawfully constituted authority, the division of community boundaries, individual justice and citystates justice, the legitimate and improper use of violence, and the relationship between destiny and the Way of Heaven. It is in the seemingly unfair fate of Boyi (伯夷)and Shuqi （叔齐） that we can see the secret justice of Heaven. To put it briefly, Biography of Boyi in Records of the Historian is rich in political philosophy. To interpret it from the perspective of political philosophy can not only deepen our understanding of the text, but also enhance our understanding of history and our own destiny.