期刊信息

  • 刊名: 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
  • 主办: 河北师范大学
  • ISSN: 1000-5587
  • CN: 13-1029/C
  • 该刊被以下数据库收录:
  • AMI综合评价(A刊)核心期刊
  • RCCSE中国核心学术期刊
  • 中国期刊方阵入选期刊
  • 全国百强社会科学学报
  • 中国人民大学“复印报刊资料”重要转载来源期刊

五毒饼的厌胜风俗

收稿日期: 2021-4-5
  • 作者单位: 昆士兰大学 历史系,澳大利亚 昆士兰 4072
  • 起止页码: 48 - 56

The Talismanic Custom of Wudu Cake

摘要/Abstract

摘要:

五毒饼被认为是北京的特产,以五种毒虫花纹为装饰,在传说中是变化自元末第四十二代天师亲笔书写的厌胜符,吃了能够驱邪避疫,但是早于有中文记载前,外国传教士已经在广东观察到与五毒饼相似的天中节风俗食制。天中节在五月五日端午节的午时。这种在五月五日驱邪避疫的厌胜风俗,可以上溯至汉代以前。而能够吞服的厌胜符则是宋代被称为书天地的天师秘法。从宋代开始,书天地的天师符往南北两个截然相反的方向流传,演变成清末北京端午节的五毒饼和广东天中节的饼食。

Abstract:

The earliest Chinese records about Wudu (fivepoison) cake are in the late Qing Dynasty (16441911). Wudu cake is regarded as a local specialty of Beijing, decorated with the patterns of five poisonous animals. It is said to have grown out of the talisman written by the 42nd generation Tianshi (Taoist Master) at the end of the Yuan Dynasty (12711386). Eating it can exorcise evil spirits and avoid epidemic diseases. However, foreign missionaries had observed Tianzhong Festival (天中节) food custom in Guangdong similar to Wudu cake long before the Chinese records. Tianzhong Festival is at noon on May 5th, the Dragon Boat Festival. This talismanic custom of exorcising evil spirits and avoiding epidemic diseases on May 5th can be traced back to the preHan Dynasty. And the talisman that can be eaten is a mystic amulet of the Tianshi, which is called Shutiandi (书天地) in Song Dynasty (9601279). Since the Song Dynasty, the Tianshi talisman of Shutiandi passed on in two opposite directions, the north and the south, and became the Wudu cakes of the Dragon Boat Festival in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and the cakes of the Tianzhong Festival in Guangdong. Modern Cantonese have forgotten this food custom, while people in Beijing are still proud of their local snacks.