The National Phonetic Alphabet Movement is one of the important phonetic alphabet schemes at a special period in China. Longtime theoretical discussion and practice has profound influence on some core issues in the study of modern Chinese linguistics. The objects of study, the way of thinking and the research methods in linguistics have all experienced breakthroughs and innovation. The common language qualification based on natural language provides the necessary premise for the fundamental change of modern Chinese linguistic research. The approval of the mixed phonology, which “takes into account the north and the south, the ancient and the modern,” is the full affirmation of the status and value of the traditional Mandarin. The change from Old Phonetic Chinese to Standard Phonetic Chinese has been accomplished and it is also the change from Old Chinese Phonology to Modern Chinese Phonology. The historic change of ideology and research philosophy has contributed to the transition from traditional Chinese linguistics to modern Chinese linguistics.