The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 has been considered as a great danger for human life, with huge impact on people's work and lives, international trade, public health, international communication and so on. China's regional economy has been severely hit by the pandemic, with Hubei Province's economic and social development suffered the most. Other provinces that have been affected more were those with a higher proportion of service industry, with more developed industrial chains or with larger scale of foreign trades. The pandemic has also increased the difficulty of poverty alleviation in poor areas as planned. The pandemic produced both opportunities and challenges on the future development of China's regional economy. Both central and local governments should take active measures to get through the pandemic and restore economic and social order as soon as possible.