Traditional child-bearing in Chongqing area relied heavily on the family (relationship network) to obtain medical care resources, which also reflects the relationship between family and individual in traditional society. With the outbreak of the war, a large number of new-style hospitals were moved in and built in Chongqing, the alternative capital. This had brought about changes in various aspects, including childbirth, which was regarded as a private event. Childbirth was no longer a private matter. Through the social control mechanism of hospitals, the control of individuals by traditional families had been broken. State power had penetrated into the private space of ordinary people and had been connected with the daily life of ordinary people, replacing the authoritative position of the family network. In the process of these changes, women also reshaped their understanding of society, family roles and their relationship with the state.