Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), is the first general history of China in the form of annals and biographies. In his historical narrative, Sima Qian(司马迁，145-86BC) adhered to objective writing of the truth without fear and favor, covering a 3000year period of past events in dynastic cycles of rise and fall from the age of the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han (141-87 BC). The Records also embodied the distinct independent consciousness of the author, standing as proof of the characteristics of the intellectual world in the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han, i.e., the Confucian belief in Heaven’s Mandate and the divineethical sanctions of political rulers. Sima Qian had studied Shangshu (Venerated Documents) and Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals) with Kong Anguo (孔安国,156-74BC) and Dong Zhongshu (董仲舒,179-104BC), and was recruited by Prime Minister Gongsun Hong (公孙弘,200-121BC) as a disciple of the erudite of the Five Classics. Under the “honoring only Confucianism” atmosphere of Emperor Wu’s time, the Confucian belief in benevolent government and the interactions between Heaven and human occupied the center stage in his inner world. Bearing his father’s entrustment and the humiliation of castration, Sima Qian wrote the Records following the example of Confucius in writing Spring and Autumn Annals, trying to imply praise and criticism in the narrative of the historical vicissitudes, probing the underlying causes of success and failure, and of rise and decline, and revealing that benevolent government is the “kingcraft” accord with providence and blessed with divine protect, thus achieving a unity between the understanding of the historical vicissitudes and the examination of the interrelation between Heaven and human. At the same time, he developed the writing style of the complementary coexistence of annals, biographies, treatises (or monographs 书) and tables (表), making Records of the Grand Historian an academic monument of an independent thought and a school of its own, which set the model for all subsequent dynastic histories of China.